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- $Unique_ID{BRK03455}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Anaphylaxis}
- $Subject{Anaphylaxis Anaphylactic Reaction Anaphylactic Shock Generalized
- Anaphylaxis Allergic Reaction Severe}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 707:
- Anaphylaxis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Anaphylaxis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Anaphylactic Reaction
- Anaphylactic Shock
- Generalized Anaphylaxis
- Allergic Reaction, Severe
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Anaphylaxis is an abnormally severe reaction to a substance that a person
- is allergic to. Major symptoms may include severe itching, hives, flushing,
- swelling, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing and unconsciousness.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Anaphylaxis can be a frightening, and sometimes life-threatening allergic
- reaction to something that causes the body to release chemicals called
- mediators from mast cells, and from basophils which are a type of white blood
- cell. Anaphylaxis causes smooth muscles in the airways to contract,
- restricting the persons ability to breathe. Symptoms include abnormal blood
- circulation, wheezing, extreme swelling, hives, convulsions, an extreme drop
- in blood pressure (shock), unconsciousness and if untreated, possible death.
-
- Causes
-
- Anaphylaxis is caused by a persons extreme hypersensitivity to an antigen (a
- foreign substance, usually a protein). The most common substances that can
- trigger Anaphylaxis are penicillin, insect venom, pollen extracts, fish,
- shellfish, and nuts. Various other foods, medicines, food additives
- (particularly sulfites), and chemicals are known to cause anaphylactic
- reactions in hypersensitive people. However, in some instances the cause of
- Anaphylaxis is not known (idiopathic). What is known is that a persons
- response to the foreign substance is probably an inherited hypersensitivity.
- The exact mode of genetic inheritance is, however, not known.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Anaphylaxis affects males and females of all age groups in equal numbers.
- There are approximately 50 to 100 deaths from Anaphylaxis caused by insect
- stings each year in the United States.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Hypersensitivity to ordinary foods, chemicals and environmental substances
- may occur in anyone, and this should forewarn the individual of a potential
- problem with that product. Repeated use of something that causes an allergic
- reaction may result in even more serious reactions at a later time. (For
- more information on hypersensitivity reactions choose "Arachnoiditis" and
- "Dermatitis, Contact" as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Anaphylaxis is primarily to avoid substances one is allergic to
- such as certain foods, chemicals, drugs, etc. If the reaction is the result
- of something preventable such as an insect sting, treatment kits are
- available by prescription and should always be carried by people who know
- that they are prone to Anaphylaxis. The treatment kits usually contain the
- drug epinephrine which counteracts the action of antigens in the body.
- Anaphylaxis must be treated immediately with epinephrine so medical help
- should be sought as quickly as possible. Other treatment called
- desensitization (allergy shots) may reduce hypersensitivity to some
- substances.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- December 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Anaphylaxis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America
- 1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 305
- Washington, DC 20036
- (202) 265-0265
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 1249-1250.
-
- ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK. GUIDELINES FOR IMMEDIATE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.
- A.J. Costa, Postgrad Med (March, 1988, issue 83 (4)). Pp. 368-369, 372-373.
-
- FATAL FOOD-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS, J.W. Yunginger, et al.; Jama (September
- 9, 1988, issue 260 (10)). Pp. 1450-1452.
-
- ANAPHYLAXIS AN ALLERGIC REACTION THAT CAN KILL. M. Segal, FDA Consumer
- (May, 1989). Pp. 21-23.
-
-